ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE MASTOID FORAMEN: MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS USING EXIT HOLE MAPPING

The mastoid foramen is an anatomical structure critical for neurosurgical interventions due to its role in venous drainage via the mastoid emissary vein, which connects the sigmoid sinus to the external veins of the skull. This study aimed to investigate the morphometric parameters of the mastoid foramen by analyzing 28 dried human skulls from the Anatomy Department at Samarkand State Medical University. Measurements focused on the foramen's length, width, and shape, revealing that the average diameters for the right and left mastoid foramina were 0.13 cm and 0.1 cm, respectively. The predominant shapes identified were star-shaped and round, underscoring significant variability in anatomical features. Additionally, the exit shapes of the foramina were assessed, which further elucidated the potential anatomical variations that can influence surgical approaches. These findings are crucial for enhancing the understanding of the anatomical characteristics of the mastoid foramen and its clinical implications, particularly in reducing operative risks associated with neurosurgery. Future research could expand on these findings to clarify the anatomical variations and improve surgical strategies involving the mastoid region.